Summary: The proportional hazards model (PHM) that is a regression model was used to analyze the reliability of Komatsu 988 wheel loader system at Azerbaijan Molybdenum-COPPER MINE (SUNGUN COPPER MINE). Hazard rate in a system in PHM is the product of an arbitrary and unspecified baseline hazard rate، depending on time only، and a positive functional term، basically independent of time، incorporating the effects risk factors (covariates). The required data for PHM analysis were extracted from a database of 15 months، which collecting from different sources، such as daily reports، workshop reports، weather reports، meetings، and direct observations in format of time between failures and risk factors. At the first step، trend and serial correlation tests were used for evaluation of assumptions of independent and uniform distribution of data for determining base function of risk rate. The evaluation failed to show independency and uniform distribution. Therefore، power law process was used. In the next step، the regression coefficient of covariates were estimated. According to the results، shift، working place، proportionality of truck، weather conditions، temperature and road conditions have had a significant effect. Finally، the reliability of loaders based on the time and six risk factors was calculated، and analysis showed about three times alteration in productivity of analysis with the ignoring of risk factors compared with inserting them. Introduction: The formal definition of reliability performance is ‘ ‘ the ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval’ ’ . The ‘ ‘ given conditions’ ’ are important keywords in the definition of the reliability performance concept and its related concepts. Given conditions can be such as the surrounding environment، conditions indicating parameters، the operating history of a machine، the skill of the operator or maintenance crew، etc. Thus، it is important that the statistical approach، which is used for reliability analysis، should be able to model the operational environment effect as the way it influences the failure process. There is a need for a careful and well-structured approach، access to all data and information، design and analysis tools، as well as effective design routines and procedures. Methodology and Approaches: The aim of this paper is to assess the different operating environment conditions and their effect on the reliability as the two main goals. PHM was proposed in order to predict hazard rate and reliability considering the operating environment condition. Results and Conclusions: The stated points in this section can be classified as follows: The common parametric methods were reviewed PHM for analyzing covariates is discussed The application of this method is demonstrated using a real case study The reliability analysis showed about three times alteration in productivity of analysis with the ignoring of risk factors compared with inserting them.

Determination of slope angle is one of the most important parameters in open pit MINE design. With low slope angles, stripping is considerably increased. On the other hand, selection of high slope angles may reduce safety and causes failure. Therefore, to prevent slope failure and high stripping, a compromise is necessary to select an optimum slope angle. There are several methods of analyzing the stability of open pit slopes such as limit equilibrium methods, empirical methods and numerical methods. In this paper, FLAC software has been applied to deterMINE the overall slope angles in the different parts of SUNGUN COPPER MINE. For analyzing the slope, five vertical sections with a proper coverage of all parts of the MINE, were considered. For the aforesaid sections on the static loading, stability analysis was performed for different slope angles and then with the help of regression analysis a relationship was developed between safety factor and angle of slope for each of the sections separately. In this research work, on the basis of geo-mechanical characteristics of rock mass, a factor of safety of 1.2 was selected. On the basis of obtained results, MINE slope in the south and south-west was detected to be critical. Based on this analysis, slope angle of the MINE, in the south and south-west parts and for the north and north-east part, was considered to be 25 and 37 degrees respectively.Sensitivity analysis was fulfilled for each section to study the role of cohesive strength and internal friction angle. It was considered that section 4800 (west) and section 4800 (east) respectively have the highest and lowest sensitivity to variations of cohesion. Also it was seen that section 4800(east) and section NE-SW respectively have the highest and lowest sensitivity to variations of internal friction angle.

In feasibility studies, several techno-economical aspects are reviewed. Cost items have a considerable role on range of variation of project outputs and analysis of distribution of their relative share is necessary. Economical and financial evaluation is on the basis of assumptions and variables which are estimated under uncertainty conditions and therefore, sensitivity and risk analysis of project economical output should be evaluated. In this research, with the help of Excel and Comfar software, for economical and financial analysis of SUNGUN COPPER MINE, a model was developed and run considering scenarios for a certain variation of expected value of critical variables.On the basis of cost analysis results, mill plant and MINE have the greatest share of capital cost with 41% and 32%, respectively. From operating costs point of view, mill plant (52%) and MINE (34%) also have the greatest share. Also it was observed that internal rate of return (IRR) is affected more by concentrate price comparing to other relevant factors. In this regard, mill recovery plant, exchange rate, capital costs, MINE overall slope angle and operational costs can be considered in the next degrees of importance. Finally, according to risk analysis, it was concluded that with a 90% level of confidence, range of range of IRR is more than 9.32% and less than 19.56%. 

In recent years, the application of the resilience concept has increased in various domains. Resilience depicts the ability of a system to return to its normal operational status after failure events or disruptions. According to the literature survey, there are various studies, which have been done in the field of engineering and non-engineering systems, and there is no study about applying the resilience concept in the field of the mining industry. In this paper, first, the resilience concept is introduced, and the resilience of the mining fleet of SUNGUN COPPER MINE is estimated later on. For this aim, performance indicators of the system (i. e., reliability, maintainability, and supportability) are used. The results showed that the resilience of the entire system for one hour of its function is equal to 83. 1%, and this value decreases to 37. 1% after 10 hours. It means if there is a failure in the system, it will have 83. 1% and 37. 1% probabilities to be resilient against the failure event after 1 hour and 10 hours of system function.

2Background and Objective: One of the significant challenges in mining areas is the pollution of the environment by heavy metals. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the pollution risk associated with mining wastes and take action to mitigate their environmental impact. The current study assessed the risk potential of recently deposited tailings in the Songun COPPER mining area. Materials and Methods: Based on the conditions of tailings, 26 samples were randomly selected from the recently deposited MINE wastes. Twenty-two thin and thin polished sections were prepared for lithology and MINEralogy studies. Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to analyze all 26 samples, while X-ray diffraction method (XRD) was used to analyze a subset of 10 samples. Results: Sulfide MINErals, as the main source of environmental pollution, remain intact and unaffected in the tailings. However, the majority of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) exhibit higher concentrations in the waste composition than the standard levels, resulting in a total ecological risk index of 49.93. Geochemical indicators highlight significant pollution levels for elements such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and COPPER (Cu). The values of the non-carcinogenic risk index for children (except As and Fe) and adults are lower than 1, indicating a non-significant non-carcinogenic health risk. However, the carcinogenicity index also indicates a significant carcinogenic risk in the case of long exposure to wastes, particularly for children. Conclusion: Therefore, wastes pose a significant environmental risk potential, and due to this risk, proper management of their storage is necessary to prevent the release of PTEs into the environment.

Mining is regarded as one of the most polluting sources of environment due to the production of toxic acid wastewater. Considering the environmental impacts of mining in the stage of MINE production planning development can potentially reduce the harmful effects of this industry on the environment. In this research, attentions have been paid to the planning of production in SUNGUN COPPER MINE looking at parameters and environmental impacts. For this propose, field studies were conducted and chemical analysis, as well as exploratory and mapping data for planning of environmental production have been carried out, and various sections of ore have been evaluated with a view of the production of waste water. After modeling the MINEral deposit and providing a block model, toxic elements content was deterMINEd for each block using the Kriging method, and the weight and effect of the blocks were deterMINEd using the entropy method. The block model in contrast to conventional production planning methods that include only grade of MINErals, considers the wastewater production capacity of each block and its degree of pollution. Finally, by designing a production planning based on the environmental impacts of the toxic elements prevailing in SUNGUN COPPER MINE eight operational phases were designed for this deposit. In this planning, blocks in the first pitt with a mean pollution level of 1141 and those in the final pit with an average of 52 have been found to represent the highest and lowest potential, respectively, producing harmful wastewater into the environment.

The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) valuation of mining machinery is a principal to ensure the production/output and customer satisfaction in the mining zone. In many cases, it may be of attention to know the expected value of the remaining life of the item before it fails from an arbitrary time that known RUL. The system's failure is also evaluated with the reliability index, which describes up-times. An individual unit's reliability during field use is essential in many mining equipment applications. This index, especially in industrial systems, and being affected by the internal condition also affects operating environmental conditions. For example, the loader performance in cold weather will be different from that of warm, which will affect the machine's reliability and thus the RUL. In reliability engineering, operating environmental conditions are considered "Risk factors or Covariates". Therefore, in this paper, an approach is proposed first to analyze the system's reliability considering covariates' effect and then estimate the RUL for different scenarios. The proportional hazard model was used in reliability analysis to be realistic and take the operational influencing factors in calculation. Methods are presented for calculating the reliability function and computing the RUL as a function of the current conditions to guarantee the desired output. The remaining useful life estimation of a Komatsu PC-1250 from the SUNGUN COPPER MINE was evaluated as a case study of this approach. Systems operating environmental factors such as shift, dump-truck kind, rock kind, … (known as covariates) are assumed to influence covariate in this context. As a result, the Weibull proportional hazard model was fitted to describe the failure behavior, and the RUL of four selected scenarios was evaluated. Presented results can be used, e.g., for developing operational performance, planning of maintenance activities, spare parts provision, and the profitability of the owner of an asset.